The Journal of Applied Tissue Engineering

The effect of herbal components, pomegranate and icariin on the chondrogenesis of stem cells in the fibrin- micromass hydrogel system

2023-08-05T06:39:24+00:00

Abstract

Introduction: Tissue engineering has been employed to encourage cartilage renewal using natural or synthetic scaffolds, stem cells, and growth factors. The present study introduces a novel approach based on the chondrogenesis of human adipose-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (ASC)s in the fibrin hydrogel by applying the micro mass culture, using pomegranate and icariin as the herbal components.

Materials and Methods: To prepare fibrin hydrogel, a thrombin solution was extracted from human fresh-frozen plasma, and the cryoprecipitate was used as the fibrinogen component following thawing. The ASCs were seeded on the fibrin hydrogel via micro mass culture system. To investigate the chondrogenesis of the ASCs, the cell-seeded hydrogels were cultured in the different culture medias containing TGF-β₃, pomegranate extract, icariin, and the combined medium containing the Icariin and pomegranate.

Results: Gene expression measurements and histological staining confirmed that the ASC-seeded hydrogels cultured in the chondrogenic media containing the herbal components could express cartilage-specific genes and synthesize the cartilage-related macromolecules. However, in the presence of TGF-β₃, the hydrogels exhibited a significant expression of these markers.

Conclusion: These findings suggest that a combination of these two herbal components could significantly stimulate ASCs and increased cellular proliferation, the expression of chondrogenic genes, the enhanced glycosaminoglycan and collagen synthesis, and the reduction of the hypertrophic phenotypes compared to the TGF-β₃.

Keywords: Cartilage tissue engineering, Fibrin hydrogel, Herbal components, Micromass culture

Cytotoxic effects of dimethyl-celecoxib (DMC) on bone tumor cell line MG63 and cell line HEK293

2023-11-24T04:44:19+00:00

Purpose: Dimethyl-celecoxib (DMC), is a celecoxib (CXB) derivative has no inhibitory function on cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and displays antitumor properties. This substance can be helpful in advancing the treatment of COX-2-indipentent cancers. In this study, we assayed the efficacy of DMC on MG63 bone tumor and Human embryonic kidney (HEK293) cell lines.

Methods: The cellular viability, nitric oxide content, and Inducible nitric oxide synthases (iNOS) gene expression were measured respectively with MTT (The MTT assay is a colorimetric assay for assessing cell metabolic activity.) Griess reaction, and real-time Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) procedures. IC50 was determined by MTT assay, and iNOS gene expression was evaluated by RT-PCR. Also, monoxide nitrogen production was monitored by a Griess test and finally one-way Anova (Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) is a statistical formula used to compare variances across the means (or average) of different groups.) and T-test were used to analyze the data.

Results: The Results clearly showed that Dimethylcelloxib at concentrations of: 62.5, 125, 250, 500 μg /ml at 48 h significantly decreased the survival rate of MG63 and HEK293 tumor cells (P<0.001). It was found that iNOS gene expression decreased significantly (P<0.001) and production of monoxide nitrogen molecule had a significant increase (P<0.01 and P<0.001). Conclusion: Our research showed that Since Dimethylceloxib reduced iNOS gene expression, it is expected to decrease nitrogen monoxide, but this drug showed its cytotoxic effects through increased nitrogen monoxide production.

Evaluation of The Efficacy of Resveratrol and Curcumin on The Expression of Bcl-2, Bax, and P53 Genes and GAFP Protein in Male Wistar Rats Model Glioblastoma Multiforme

2023-08-28T10:31:20+00:00

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common primary malignant brain tumor seen in humans. Several epidemiological studies have demonstrated the chemo-preventive function of naturally occurring food components in cancer. Polyphenolic compounds of natural origin possess promising therapeutic potential as drugs for the management of glioblastoma and are being explored as potential anticancer agents. Despite the promising benefits of natural polyphenolic compounds, their effectiveness in treating GBM is restricted by their limited bioavailability and permeability through the blood-brain barrier. Several compounds derived from plants have demonstrated potential as antitumor therapeutic agents by augmenting apoptosis-related pathways and causing cell cycle impairment in tumor cells, including those found in GBM cell lines. According to reports, curcumin exhibits noteworthy antitumor properties. The anti-glioblastoma effects of heterogeneous compounds can be attributed to their ability to upregulate apoptosis and autophagy, promote cell cycle arrest, interfere with tumor metabolism, and inhibit proliferation, neuroinflammation, chemoresistance, angiogenesis, and metastasis. The development of glioblastoma cancer cells was modestly inhibited by the combination of resveratrol and curcumin. We found that the combined treatments resveratrol with curcumin inhibit the Bcl-2 expression, the reduction of the expression of Bax and P53.The findings of this study offer substantiation that the administration of resveratrol with curcumin in combination may present a compelling alternative for combating GBM. Nevertheless, further clinical trials are necessary to validate the characteristics of these compounds both in vitro and in vivo.

Osseointegration Dynamics: Insights into the Dental Bone-Implant Interface

2023-11-21T06:23:06+00:00

The interface between a bone and an implant, referred to as the bone-implant interface (BII), plays a critical role in determining the success and long-term stability of dental implants. This comprehensive review delves into the various factors that influence the BII. The design of the implant and the treatments applied to its surface are fundamental factors that affect both the contact between the bone and the implant and the overall integration. Mechanical forces, such as compression and tension, have an impact on the integrity of the BII, while biological factors, including bone quality and growth factors, play a crucial role in orchestrating the healing process. Molecular mechanisms, involving cells like osteoblasts and osteoclasts, as well as signaling molecules, are essential for the process of osseointegration. Additionally, cell therapies, particularly Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) and Platelet-rich Plasma (PRP) show promise in enhancing the healing of the BII. these factors and exploring innovative techniques are of utmost importance for improving the outcomes of implant procedures and enhancing patient care in the field of implant dentistry. Continued research in these areas is set to advance our knowledge of osseointegration and its optimization, ultimately shaping the future of implantology.

A Review of 50 Herbs for Wound Healing: Traditional Use and Modern Evidence

2023-12-10T07:43:16+00:00

Herbal medicine is the use of plants or plant-based substances to treat various health conditions, including wounds. Wounds are injuries that damage the skin or other body tissues. Wound healing is a complex process that involves four phases: hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. Herbal medicine can enhance wound healing by providing anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antioxidant, and analgesic effects. Herbal medicine can also stimulate cellular regeneration and collagen production, which are essential for tissue repair. In this review, we introduce 50 herbs that have been reported to be effective for wound healing. These plants have a long history of use based on experience, but they have also been confirmed to be effective in wound healing by modern medical methods. However, herbal medicine should not replace conventional medical care for severe wounds. These plants can be a good source for researchers to design and make more effective drugs with less side effects for wound healing.